Code accompanying: "On the limitations of inverse force estimation with strain-based sensing and reduced modal models in hydroelastic systems"

This repository contains the source code used to produce the numerical results presented in:

Van Zijl, C., Jovanova, J., & Grammatikopoulos, A. (2026). On the limitations of inverse force estimation with strain-based sensing and reduced modal models in hydroelastic systems. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 640, 119901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2026.119901

The project investigates a fundamental limitation of inverse force estimation in hydroelastic systems. Specifically, it demonstrates that when strain measurements are used to estimate modal excitation forces in models that include rigid-body modes, the inverse problem can become non-identifiable. In such cases, different force distributions can produce indistinguishable strain responses, making unique force recovery impossible regardless of the estimation algorithm used.

The code provides the numerical examples and analysis tools used to study the interaction between force representation, sensing strategy, and hydroelastic coupling. It can be used to reproduce the results presented in the paper and to explore the effects of strain-based sensing, acceleration-based sensing, regularization, modal truncation, and mixed sensing approaches on inverse force estimation performance.